Volkswagen Jetta II
From Wikifixx
Second generation (A2, Typ 16 (1983-1989), 1G (1990-1992)
 1985 Volkswagen Jetta Mk2 | |
| Production | 1984–1992 1991-present (China) 1,708,390 built[1][2] |
|---|---|
| Assembly | Changchun, China Chengdu, China Lagos, Nigeria Puebla, Mexico Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Uitenhage, South Africa Westmoreland, USA Wolfsburg, Germany |
| Body style(s) | 2-door saloon/sedan 4-door saloon/sedan |
| Layout | Front-engine, front-wheel drive |
| Platform | Volkswagen Group A2
North America: 1.8L 85 hp (63 kW) (MY 1985-1987) I4 diesel engine (EA827) 1.6L Diesel 59 hp (44 kW) (MY 1985-1992) 1.6L Turbo Diesel 68 hp (51 kW) (MY 1985-1992) 1.6L ECODiesel 62 hp (46 kW) (MY 1991-1992) |
| Transmission(s) | 4-speed manual 5-speed manual 3-speed automatic |
| Wheelbase | 2,470 mm (97.2 in) |
| Length | 1985-88: 4,346 mm (171.1 in) 1989-92: 4,385 mm (172.6 in) |
| Width | 1,680 mm (66.1 in) 1985-88 base models: 1,665 mm (65.6 in) |
| Height | 1,410 mm (55.5 in) |
| Related | SEAT Toledo Mk1 Volkswagen Golf Mk2 Volkswagen Scirocco Mk2 Volkswagen Corrado |
The Mark 2 series is the longest running Jetta so far. Introduced to Europe in early 1984 and to North America in 1985, the second generation Jetta proved to be a sales success for Volkswagen. The car secured the title of best-selling European car in North America, and outsold the similar Golf by two-to-one in that market.[3] Based on the all new second generation Golf platform, the car was larger, heavier, and could seat five people instead of four as in the Mark 1. Exterior dimensions increased in all directions. Overall length was up by 100 millimetres (3.9 in), the wheelbase grew 66 millimetres (2.6 in), and the width went up 53 millimetres (2.1 in). The suspension setup was basically unchanged from the first generation, although refined slightly. Aerodynamics improved considerably, with a drag coefficient of 0.36.[4] With a 470 litre (16.6 ft3) luggage compartment, the trunk had grown nearly as large as some full sized American sedans.[5] Interior room was also increased 14%, which changed the EPA class from sub-compact to compact.
Cars built in Germany were assembled in a brand new (at the time) plant at Wolfsburg in Assembly Hall 54. The plant was heavily robotised in an effort to make build quality more consistent.[6] New innovations on the second generation included an optional trip computer (sometimes referred to as the MFA), as well as silicone dampened engine and transmission mounts to reduce noise, vibration, and harshness levels. In 1988, a more advanced fully electronic fuel injection system became available. This arrangement is known as the Digifant Engine Management system.
Like the Mark 1, the second generation was offered as a two-door or four-door saloon/sedan. External changes throughout the series' run were few: the front-quarter windows were eliminated in 1988 (along with a grille and door trim change), and larger body-colored bumpers and lower side skirts were added from 1990.
In 2007, Volkswagen of America held a contest to find the diesel powered Volkswagen with the highest distance traveled on the original engine.[7] The winning car was a 1986 Jetta Turbodiesel found in Blue Rock, Ohio which had 562,000 miles (904,000 km).[8] A local dealer verified the odometer reading. Notable on this particular car was that it also had the original muffler despite being located in an area subject to road salt in the winter.
Safety
In a crash test conducted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the Jetta received three out of five stars for both driver and passenger protection in a 56 km/h (35 mph) frontal crash test. The Highway Loss Data Institute (part of the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety) found the injury and collision losses for the Jetta to be among the best of the small 4-door sedan category.[9] It was topped only by the Golf. Earlier models had the dubious distinction of having an especially high rate of radio theft.[10] Apparently, the mounting of the radio made it especially easy to remove quickly. To correct the problem, Volkswagen introduced a theft protection system to all cars. When the power supply to the radio was removed, it automatically went into "safe" mode. When plugged back in, it would not work unless a secret code was entered. This made it essentially useless to thieves, although provided a hassle to customers who misplaced their code card.
North America
The Jetta did not differ greatly from its European twin (at least as much as the Golf did), besides requirements such as bumpers, glass, etc. Also, North American models in general have a narrower range of specification available. For example, most models had things like a bigger engine, full console, door panel pockets, velour seating, and, later on, power steering, height adjustable steering column, and tachometer, standard. But they also lacked the higher level options that Europe generally got, like heated seats and washer nozzles (available in Canada), headlight washers, heated Recaro seats, 4 wheel drive, and the higher-output engines like the non-catalyst 8v and 16v, and G60 engines. The Jetta was perceived as slightly upmarket from the Golf, and thus the level of features always was a step above (standard passive restraint in 1988, standard power steering in 1990, 14" wheels available for most years, etc).
Canadian spec models were even more greatly equipped. Generally, the Canadian base models received the same level of options as an American GL, and the same with the GL and Carat. Other Canadian specification differences were diesel engines (both naturally aspirated and Turbo) available for all years (in the US, there was no diesel for 1988, and only the n/a for 1989 and 1990), a 2 door model for 1992 (it was dropped in the US), the early Carat model (which had heated velour sport seats, a GLi engine, and optional automatic), and color and trim differences.
In North America, the following trim levels were as follows:
- base: 1985-1990 (available in Canada until 1992)
- GL: 1985-1992
- Carat: 1985-1992 (Canada only 1985-1987)
- GLI: 1985-1988 (1988 Canada only)
- GLI 16v: 1987-1992
Being such a popular model in North America, the Jetta Mk2 received several special editions to help boost sales even further. These included:
- Wolfsbug Edition (1986, 1987, 1989, 1990, 1991)
- Slalom (1988, Canada only)
- Flair (1989, Canada only)
- Flair 2 (1990, Canada only)
- Pacific (1990, Canada only)
- EcoDiesel (1991-1992, USA only)
These were generally "package" options, meaning they were groups of kit that were applied to a base "model" (such as there being a Jetta GL Wolfsburg Edition as well as a Jetta GLI 16v Wolfsburg Edition in 1990). The amount of kit varied with the model and year. For example, the 1990 Jetta GL Wolfsburg Edition includes a 6 speaker stereo and alloy wheels. VW pushed this as a special, limited edition, though it was just the two options on top of a base Jetta GL (at a cost of $565 less than purchasing them separately). In other cases, the special editions got extras not normally available on other models, such as the 1986 Jetta GLI Wolfsburg Edition, which had heated leather seats (the only Mk2 in North America to do so), or the 1988 Jetta Wolfsburg Edition, which was a 2 door Jetta (normally reserved as the base model) with all the extras of a GLI (suspension, engine, transmission, and exterior styling). The other Canadian-specific models varied as well, but almost always included a few standard features, and usually their own custom interior trim and exterior graphics.
Testing and review
The car received generally positive reviews, with critics praising the car's excellent handling, as well as a roomier interior compared to the last generation.[4] Stiff shifting manual transmissions were a downside, and braking worked reasonably well although some brake fade was evident in the lower trim lines equipped with solid discs in front and drums in back. A number of reviews noted that the ride was stiff and busy, even though it did have good control typical of German cars. Despite additional sound insulation, road noise was evident especially on coarse pavement.[11] In top sport trim (sometimes called the GLI or GTX), some reviewers noted the car was a less expensive alternative to a BMW or Audi.[12] The sport trim added larger wheels, a stiffer suspension, and closer ratios on the manual transmission. Later models of the Mark 2 GLI had a 16 valve dual cam engine, originally a 1.8 litre engine and beginning in 1990 with the newer Mark 2 body style an upgrade to a 2.0 litre 16 valve (in North America).
Worldwide production
Besides the Volkswagen production base in Germany, this generation was produced in a number of foreign countries, including China, Nigeria, Mexico, South Africa, USA, and the former Yugoslavia. The Mark 2 Jetta went on to become the first Volkswagen model produced in China by Volkswagen Group China's second joint venture partner FAW-Volkswagen. Production began on 5 December 1991. Initially sold as complete knock down (CKD) kits, local manufacturing has gradually taken over in the form of Semi-Knocked Down kits in 1992, and full local production in 1995.[13]
The car has had two revisions since its inception in China, the first facelift borrowed spare grilles left around from the fourth generation Volkswagen Passat in 1997. Production started in August 1998, and its name was changed to the Jetta King. The second facelift was revealed in March 2004 (taking influences from Volkswagen's most expensive model, the Phaeton. On 29 July 2007, it was announced that First Automotive Works expanded its production of the Mark 2 Jetta by building a new assembly plant in Chengdu, Sichuan Provence in Southwest China.[14] The expansion is driven by the high demand for the car, a desire to expand in the western part of the country, as well as the long term goal of FAW to develop new derivatives from the car's platform independently of Volkswagen.
Engines
| Model | Years | Engine and code | Displ. | Power | Torque | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Petrol engines without catalytic converter | ||||||
| 1.3 | 1983–1992 | I4 Carburettor | HK/MH/2G | 1272 cc | 40 kW (54 PS; 54 hp) @ 5200 rpm | 94 N·m (69 ft·lbf) @ 3300 rpm |
| 1.6 | 1983–1992 | I4 Carburettor | EZ/ABN | 1595 cc | 55 kW (75 PS; 74 hp) @ 5000 rpm | 125 N·m (92 ft·lbf) @ 2500 rpm |
| 1.8 | 1983–1991 | I4 Carburettor | GU | 1781 cc | 66 kW (90 PS; 89 hp) @ 5200 rpm | 145 N·m (107 ft·lbf) @ 3300 rpm |
| 1.8 GT | 1984–1987 | I4 FI | EV | 1781 cc | 82 kW (111 PS; 110 hp) @ 5500 rpm | 155 N·m (114 ft·lbf) @ 3100 rpm |
| 1.8 GT | 1987–1991 | I4 FI | PB | 1781 cc | 82 kW (111 PS; 110 hp) @ 5400 rpm | 159 N·m (117 ft·lbf) @ 4000 rpm |
| 1.8 GT 16V | 1986–1991 | I4 FI | KR | 1781 cc | 102 kW (139 PS; 137 hp) @ 6100 rpm | 168 N·m (124 ft·lbf) @ 4600 rpm |
| Petrol engines with catalytic converter | ||||||
| 1.3 | 1985–1992 | I4 FI | NZ | 1272 cc | 40 kW (54 PS; 54 hp) @ 5200 rpm | 97 N·m (72 ft·lbf) @ 3000 rpm |
| 1.6 | 1985–1992 | I4 Carburettor | PN | 1595 cc | 51 kW (69 PS; 68 hp) @ 5200 rpm | 118 N·m (87 ft·lbf) @ 2700 rpm |
| 1.6 | 1986–1991 | I4 Carburettor | RF | 1595 cc | 53 kW (72 PS; 71 hp) @ 5200 rpm | 120 N·m (89 ft·lbf) @ 2700 rpm |
| 1.8 | 1983–1988 | I4 FI | GX | 1781 cc | 66 kW (90 PS; 89 hp) @ 5200 rpm | 137 N·m (101 ft·lbf) @ 3300 rpm |
| 1.8 | 1986–1990 | I4 Carburettor | RH | 1781 cc | 62 kW (84 PS; 83 hp) @ 5000 rpm | 142 N·m (105 ft·lbf) @ 3000 rpm |
| 1.8 | 1986–1991 | I4 FI | RP | 1781 cc | 66 kW (90 PS; 89 hp) @ 5250 rpm | 142 N·m (105 ft·lbf) @ 3000 rpm |
| 1.8 | 1985–1991 | I4 FI | HT/RV | 1781 cc | 74 kW (101 PS; 99 hp) @ 5250 rpm | 146 N·m (108 ft·lbf) @ 3000 rpm |
| 1.8 4x4 | 1988–1991 | I4 FI | 1P | 1781 cc | 72 kW (98 PS; 97 hp) @ 5400 rpm | 143 N·m (105 ft·lbf) @ 3000 rpm |
| 1.8 GT | 1985–1988 | I4 FI | RD | 1781 cc | 79 kW (107 PS; 106 hp) @ 5250 rpm | 154 N·m (114 ft·lbf) @ 3250 rpm |
| 1.8 GT | 1986–1987 | I4 FI | RG | 1781 cc | 79 kW (107 PS; 106 hp) @ 5500 rpm | 154 N·m (114 ft·lbf) @ 3500 rpm |
| 1.8 GT 16V | 1986–1991 | I4 FI | PL | 1781 cc | 95 kW (129 PS; 127 hp) @ 5800 rpm | 168 N·m (124 ft·lbf) @ 4250 rpm |
| 2.0 16V | 1989–1992 | I4 FI | 9A | 1984 cc | 100 kW (136 PS; 134 hp) @ 5800 rpm | 180 N·m (133 ft·lbf) @ 4400 rpm |
| Diesel engines | ||||||
| 1.6 D | 1983–1992 | I4 Diesel | JP/ME | 1588 cc | 40 kW (54 PS; 54 hp) @ 4800 rpm | 100 N·m (74 ft·lbf) @ 2300–2900 rpm |
| 1.6 ECOdiesel | 1989–1992 | I4 Turbodiesel | 1V | 1588 cc | 44 kW (60 PS; 59 hp) @ 4500 rpm | 110 N·m (81 ft·lbf) @ 2400–2600 rpm |
| 1.6 TD | 1983–1991 | I4 Turbodiesel | JR/MF | 1588 cc | 51 kW (69 PS; 68 hp) @ 4500 rpm | 133 N·m (98 ft·lbf) @ 2500–2900 rpm |
| 1.6 TD | 1989–1991 | I4 Turbodiesel | RA/SB | 1588 cc | 59 kW (80 PS; 79 hp) @ 4500 rpm | 155 N·m (114 ft·lbf) @ 2500–3000 rpm |
References
- ↑ Werner Oswald: Deutsche Autos 1945-1990, vol. 3. Motorbuch Verlag Stuttgart 2001. ISBN 3-613-02116-1, p. 86-87.
- ↑ Eberhard Kittler: Deutsche Autos seit 1990, vol. 5. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2001. ISBN 3-613-02128-5, p. 224. Note: 1984-1989 German production only, 1990-1992 worldwide deliveries.
- ↑ Robson, p. 182
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Smith, David C. (December 1984), [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Golf, Jetta much improved and, with them, VWA's hopes"], Ward's Auto World
- ↑ [Expression error: Missing operand for > Consumer Reports], February 1986, p. 124
- ↑ Robson, p. 186
- ↑ Template:Cite press release
- ↑ Template:Cite press release
- ↑ "Injury and Collision Loss Experience by Make and Model" (PDF). Highway Loss Data Institute. September 1992. p. 3. Archived from the original on 2007-07-03. http://web.archive.org/web/20070703214322/http://www.iihs.org/brochures/ictl/pdf/ictl_0992.pdf. Retrieved 2009-09-03.
- ↑ "Advisory" (PDF). Insurance Institute for Highways Safety & Highway Loss Data Institute. February 1988. p. 1. http://www.iihs.org/research/advisories/iihs_advisory_3.pdf. Retrieved 2007-04-14.
- ↑ Consumer Reports, February 1986
- ↑ Jedlicka, Dan (1986-08-07), [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Practically speaking, Volkswagen Jetta GLI at the top of its class"], Chicago Sun - Times: 106
- ↑ "International Cooperation". 2006. http://www.faw.com/international/volkswagen2.jsp. Retrieved 2007-04-14.
- ↑ "FAW Making Jetta in SW China", SinoCast China Transportation Watch, 2007-07-29, http://www.tmcnet.com/usubmit/-faw-making-jetta-sw-china-/2007/07/29/2820529.htm
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